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PostPosted: Tue 26 Apr 2005 13:52    Post subject: Welcome to Issues for Biracial Americans Reply with quote

As we are all aware, “biracial” is a slippery term. As used in this forum, the word is not meant to reify the “race” notion. Instead, it simply uses common vernacular to denote someone of mixed Afro-European ancestry. The term is slippery because it is not obvious whom this label should describe.

Demographically, the largest U.S. socio-political group of mixed Afro-European ancestry are 74 million Americans who check off “White” on the census, sadly ignorant of their own rich heritage. The second-largest group are those who check off “Black,” deliberately turning their backs on the obvious in order to retaliate for what they see as centuries of oppression inflicted by their White ancestors. Third are members of the historically recent multiracial movement, who have learned to embrace all of their heritages. Uncounted, are the scattered members of traditionally endogamous communities called “maroons” by historians, “mestizos” by sociologists, and “triracial isolates” by anthropologists.

This forum is intended for discussion by and about people who fit any or all of the above usages of the term “biracial.”


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PostPosted: Fri 29 Apr 2005 16:29    Post subject: Reply with quote

Frank wrote: “Black,” deliberately turning their backs on the obvious in order to retaliate for what they see as centuries of oppression inflicted by their White ancestors.


Is it always like that though, most people are just going by what was passed on, look at all the millions of those same people who once were called Colored(not even something they chose) but went along with it...
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PostPosted: Sun 05 Mar 2006 18:42    Post subject: Turning My Back Reply with quote

I am Black. My mother was White and my father is Black. I choose to define myself in these terms because I see the world through a Black woman's eyes. I am a woman of color. My mother being White does not change that. I still feel oppression. I don't have White privileges. I love my mother nonetheless, but I am not biracial.

I find it interesting how people who have not lived my life choose to define me as turning my back or worse yet give me a racial category such as biracial. I think that the census has not changed the category for this because people from a Black and White background can still be oppressed. We should be a part of a group that is now being protected somewhat through Affirmative Action etc.

I cling to those who I understand and have the most in common with. Black people. People from this mixed parentage background were slaves as well. They fought to end slavery as well. Just because someone is a light skinned Black person does not mean that they are mixed. My husband is as light as I am. Both of his parents are Black. Every Black American is mixed due to slavery. But we are all Black. If someone is from a Black and White background and chooses to define themselves as White or Biracial that this their choice. I tried these definitions out myself, but they just did not work for me. We all transition and grow in life. But thank goodness for choices.
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PostPosted: Sun 05 Mar 2006 20:03    Post subject: "biracial" Reply with quote

I disagree with Frank. Hispanics in the U.S. are by far the most "mixed race" population when compared to other groups.

It seems ridiculous to me for whites with a minority of black ancestry to call themselves "biracial" (which suggests a half and half "mulatto" inheritance and/or status). That is why I promote the terms "multiracial white" or "white multiracial" ("Creole White" would also be an acceptable term, similar to the Brazilian term "white of the land," popular in Bahia).

The most important thing is to fight the myth (which has an almost religious devotion among black-identified mulattoes and mixed-whites) of white racial purity. This is generally defined as the idea that a true "white" has no black ancestry or maybe a little genetically harmless American Indian ancestry.

It is my strong opinion that American blacks are damn fools to oppose official interracial marriage and and the increasing identification of mixed people with whites. Why? What is the purpose of marriage? What does it accomplish? Anyone who has read the history of marriage knows that it's main purpose is to create ties between families. (The white elites who created anti-miscegenation laws knew this). Blacks have to get their minds out of the bedroom and realize that. when one of their relatives marries a white person, family ties are created with all the new in-law's blood relatives, white in-laws and anyone else who comes into the family. This gives more and more whites a personal stake in resisting any attempts to revive racism.

Pretending to be a special or lighter kind of "black" in the name of a false racial "pride" (Who do you think you're kidding?) only confirms the main argument of white racist ideology - that "miscegenation" is racial suicide for whites. The Nazis told the Germans that their "race" would be destroyed if they continued mixing with "inferior" Slavs, Jews and Roma. You know what happened.


http://www.melungeon.org/?BISKIT=3912883513&CONTEXT=cat&cat=10058


http://www.interracialvoice.com/powell4.html

http://www.interracialvoice.com/powell8.html

http://www.interracialvoice.com/powell9.html

http://www.interracialvoice.com/powell14.html



Here is Charles Michael Byrd's defense of Anatole Broyard's choice to
identify as white and condemnation of Gregory Howard Williams' attempt to deny freedom of choice to other mixed people:

http://www.webcom.com/intvoice/editor13.html

Quote:
Broyard (photo left courtesy of Vintage Books; also see Publisher's Notes/Media Reviews on "Kafka Was the Rage: A Greenwich Village Memoir" by Anatole Broyard), a New York Times book critic, columnist and editor now seven years in his grave, was "outed" -- based on the one drop of black blood rule -- by Harvard professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr. in the June 17, 1996 edition of The New Yorker magazine. In the article, "The True Lies of Anatole Broyard," Gates defiled Broyard's character by accusing him of being "really black" and only "passing" as white. Many of us who can claim African ancestry but who "look white," involuntarily "pass for white" every day of our lives. The rap on Broyard is that he consciously passed. This raises some interesting questions, though. Do we know with one-hundred percent certainty that he intentionally passed, or should we take Gates' word for it? Even if Broyard did pass, how is it anyone's business? The only thing we know for sure is that he did not identify as black, and we all now understand that so identifying is not synonymous with identifying as white. Would Broyard have availed himself of a mixed-race identifier if that were possible back in the '40s, '50s and '60s? Perhaps. Is it possible that he identified more as a "universal man" beyond racial demarcation (to steal a page from Jean Toomer)? Yes. Is it possible that, as Gates suggests, Broyard deliberately passed for white? Yes, but, again, whose business is it?


Where is the righteous indignation we would expect to emanate from the AMEA/HAPA Forum camp if they truly believe that "If people cannot call themselves what they want, they cannot call themselves truly free"? Truth is, these people don't give a damn about the Anatole Broyards or the Jean Toomers of the world, because universal men beyond racial demarcation and multiracial libertarians view ourselves as more than mere statistical abstractions. We are more than nameless and soulless numerical contributions to a particular political agenda. I resent being viewed solely as part of a government demographer's collection of "racial" data, no matter how "rich" that information. At the same time, I understand and respect that there are many multiracial Americans who don't mind being so viewed. God bless 'em.


The paramount reason that few challenge Gates (photo right) on this matter is simple: he is the preeminent representative of the contemporary black academic elite and many see any challenging of his pronouncements as an attack on "blackness." (Even many white reporters and commentators affectionately refer to him by the "all-American boy" sobriquet "Skip".) In defense of his New Yorker article, Gates told the Boston Globe Magazine on September 22, 1996 that he deplores the one-drop rule and that, concerning Broyard, "I was not trying to reclaim him for my race. I was exploring complexity." Skip lied, y'all.


Random House promotes Gates' newest book, "Thirteen Ways Of Looking At A Black Man" in this manner: "In these stunning portraits of prominent black American men, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., takes us behind closed doors and into the lives, minds, and experiences of some remarkable people to reveal, through stories of individual lives, much about American society and race today." The book focuses on James Baldwin, Colin Powell, Harry Belafonte, Bill T. Jones, Louis Farrakhan, Albert Murray and -- you guessed it, sports fans! -- Anatole Broyard. Gates refers to the latter as one who "chose to hide his black heritage so as to be seen as a writer on his own terms."


Gregory Howard Williams is the Dean of the Ohio State Law School and author of "Life On The Color Line" (Plume/Penguin 1996), the story of a young lad born in Virginia who thought he was "white" until he moved to Indiana and then suddenly found out he was "black." Williams is quite the darling of the hypodescent crowd (hypodescent: the inheritance of only the lowest status racial category of one's ancestors), as they see him as someone more than willing to play the game of looking very white yet steadfastly identifying as black. Having read his book, however, I believe Williams is genuinely sincere about owing a debt of gratitude to the black side of his family in Indiana who raised him when many of his white relations shunned him, ergo his solid "black" identity.


What's unsettling about Gregory Howard Williams (photo right) is that those on this country's political left who have opposed any discussion of multiraciality from the movement's inception have manipulated him -- with his tacit consent or not -- and employ the Williams paradigm to further bash both Broyard's memory and those of us who eschew a false "black" identity. They proudly point to Williams as an example of how a loyal and obedient "light-skinned black" should act, while decrying Broyard as the quintessential "race-traitor," running away from "blackness." (Personally, I believe Broyard made the decision that, being the intellectual that he was, he was going to do what he wanted to do in life and was going to travel in those social circles in which he wanted to travel and to hell with anyone who objected.)


A couple of months before last year's Multiracial Solidarity March in Washington, D.C., Williams appeared on ABC's Nightline program with Ted Koppel. In short, Williams stated that he views race as an artificial, social construct, yet strongly proclaimed that he was "black" primarily based on the one drop rule. Not once, however, did Williams speak to the validity of a multiracial identifier that many of us have adopted.


I don't care how Gregory Howard Williams identifies. He can call himself a Martian, a Venusian or a Jovian, because, after all, that's his business. I submit, though, that he has a moral responsibility -- due to his high-profile status not only as an Ivory Towers type but as an author enjoying national attention and notoriety -- to not leave the impression with those who read his writings, hear him on radio or view him on television that hypodescent is still the rule of thumb vis-à-vis identity formation in mixed-race individuals.
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PostPosted: Mon 06 Mar 2006 02:06    Post subject: Re: Welcome to Issues for Biracial Americans Reply with quote

fwsweet wrote:

Demographically, the largest U.S. socio-political group of mixed Afro-European ancestry are 74 million Americans who check off “White” on the census, sadly ignorant of their own rich heritage. The second-largest group are those who check off “Black,” deliberately turning their backs on the obvious in order to retaliate for what they see as centuries of oppression inflicted by their White ancestors.


Frank, "black" americans just like the "whites" are generally unaware of having mixed ancestry - which mostly occurred sometime in the antebellum south. You make the assertion that black people are making a concious decision to deny known ancestors, but this is for the most part, not the case at all. Most black americans have no conceivable connection to the very distant ancestors that they may or may not have, could not even name a white relative or ancestor, and so have no reason to call themself anything other than black.

I agree with A.D Powell in this respect; it would be ridiculous for white and black americans to call themselves "multi-racial"


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PostPosted: Mon 06 Mar 2006 05:25    Post subject: Re: Welcome to Issues for Biracial Americans Reply with quote

Phil345 wrote:
fwsweet wrote:

Demographically, the largest U.S. socio-political group of mixed Afro-European ancestry are 74 million Americans who check off “White” on the census, sadly ignorant of their own rich heritage. The second-largest group are those who check off “Black,” deliberately turning their backs on the obvious in order to retaliate for what they see as centuries of oppression inflicted by their White ancestors.


Frank, "black" americans just like the "whites" are generally unaware of having mixed ancestry - which mostly occured sometime in the antebellum south. You make the assertion that black people are making a concious descision to deny known ancestors, but this is for the most part, not the case at all. Most black americans have no conceivable connection to the very distant ancestors that they may or may not have, and could not even name a white relative or ancestor; just like white people.
Many might not know their White ancestor, but are aware of White ancestry. But hey assume it is rape from the slave master. Rolling Eyes
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PostPosted: Mon 06 Mar 2006 07:00    Post subject: Re: Welcome to Issues for Biracial Americans Reply with quote

Salsassin wrote:
But they assume it is rape from the slave master. Rolling Eyes


......and those assumptions would more often be accurate.
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PostPosted: Mon 06 Mar 2006 12:58    Post subject: Re: Welcome to Issues for Biracial Americans Reply with quote

Phil345 wrote:
Salsassin wrote:
But they assume it is rape from the slave master. Rolling Eyes


......and those assumptions would more often be accurate.


Hi,

I think, two things should be acknowledge.

(1) In all times of history happens the same: in the feudal societies of the Middle Ages, in the Encomiendas of the Indias, in Ancient China or in the slave Plantations of the Caribben. When there exist a Lord or Master in charge of large number of peoples, who are considered of a lesser social condition, always the master took sexual advantages of it. Sometimes, like in middle ages' Europe, Lords had the right to sleep with every women that got married. So, many white people is descendent of those relations as well.

It happens even today in big companies, where the high executives get pretty easy with secretaries, or with upper classes boys that look for fun with lower classes girls.

This has happened in all the places, races and times.

Now, those relations not always have been forced, because there is an strange atraction between people of different social conditions that many times crosses racial barriers. Some of those relations lasted long time and become "accepted" by everyone.

(2) If there was rape or love, we don't know. It depends of every single case. But certainly there were many love relations hidden in the shadows. That is something we should not deny. In the U.S., in particular, it is known that some masters freed they children born in those "irregular" relations, and some even took a long term care of them.

Human beings are not good or evil, but something in between. Some are bad, some are good, and others try to fix their old sins before is too late.

Regards,

Omar Vega
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PostPosted: Mon 06 Mar 2006 16:12    Post subject: Reply with quote

Powell Said:
Pretending to be a special or lighter kind of "black" in the name of a false racial "pride" (Who do you think you're kidding?) only confirms the main argument of white racist ideology - that "miscegenation" is racial suicide for whites. The Nazis told the Germans that their "race" would be destroyed if they continued mixing with "inferior" Slavs, Jews and Roma. You know what happened.

I disagree with Powell on this point. I don’t believe that persons from a background of one Black parent and one White parent considering themselves Black or Light skinned Black should matter. Special is sort of confusing to me, but if someone wants to identify as that then more power to them. I think the idea of choice is very important. For years minorities in general have been forced into using a term to identify themselves that may or may not have been his or her preference. I also beleive that, this is part of the natural racial transition of non-white, of color individuals. A great book that describes this is “Why are all the Black kids sitting together in the Cafeteria?”

I understand what Powell is saying regarding standing against the racist ideologies that were created in the past to preserve the idea of whiteness. Yes it was disgusting. I think the fact that I exist on this earth today is a stand all in it’s self. The fact that my White mother claimed me is the stand against racism. I however like having the choice. It makes me feel very proud of a part of me that for years I wished was not there (when I was in racial transition). It is also a self-esteem issue.

From what I have heard through out the years from others is that I look like I could be Mexican, Puerto Rican, Multiracial, or Black. Usually Mexican or Puerto Rican. I have had many Puerto Rican people upset that I would not identify with that race. They thought that I was trying to kid them and I was not. My husband and I look similar and he is from two Black parents. He would obviously never consider himself multiracial, and he is not trying to kid anyone, but some may think he is. I think that it is unfair to say that people from one Black parent and one White one are trying to kid anyone by saying that they are Black, or light skinned Black. There are plenty of Black folks with two Black parents that look ambiguous as well. They don’t fit people’s stereotypes. You can’t please everyone.

I can only speak for myself. I am Black. I cling to those that I have felt the most comfortable with over the years. Saying that I am Black to me means that I am proud to be apart of something that was and still can be looked down upon. I would think that it would be harder those individuals who have no racial vagueness (example. Looking like a White or Black person) it happens. I am not sure what I would call myself then? A book that I hold very dear to my heart because I think it promotes Black pride is a children’s book called “Shades of Black I am Black I am Unique.”
http://www.blackliterature.com/corner/index.cfm
Very Happy
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PostPosted: Mon 06 Mar 2006 16:36    Post subject: Reply with quote

mjw82704 wrote:

From what I have heard through out the years from others is that I look like I could be Mexican, Puerto Rican, Multiracial, or Black. Usually Mexican or Puerto Rican. I have had many Puerto Rican people upset that I would not identify with that race. They thought that I was trying to kid them and I was not. My husband and I look similar and he is from two Black parents. He would obviously never consider himself multiracial, and he is not trying to kid anyone, but some may think he is. I think that it is unfair to say that people from one Black parent and one White one are trying to kid anyone by saying that they are Black, or light skinned Black. There are plenty of Black folks with two Black parents that look ambiguous as well. They don’t fit people’s stereotypes. You can’t please everyone.


Are you saying that many Puerto Ricans you encounter are upset that you do not identify as Puerto Rican or that you do not identify as a mixed race person? Further Puerto Ricans and Mexicans are not a race of people; they are a ethnic group or nationality.

Puerto Ricans, of course, have African ancestry, and that is more likely why they think you are one of them. But then, wouldn't this make them black as well?
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PostPosted: Mon 06 Mar 2006 17:27    Post subject: Reply with quote

From what I have heard through out the years from others is that I look like I could be Mexican, Puerto Rican, Multiracial, or Black. Usually Mexican or Puerto Rican. I have had many Puerto Rican people upset that I would not identify with that race. They thought that I was trying to kid them and I was not. My husband and I look similar and he is from two Black parents. He would obviously never consider himself multiracial, and he is not trying to kid anyone, but some may think he is. I think that it is unfair to say that people from one Black parent and one White one are trying to kid anyone by saying that they are Black, or light skinned Black. There are plenty of Black folks with two Black parents that look ambiguous as well. They don’t fit people’s stereotypes. You can’t please everyone.


Are you saying that many Puerto Ricans you encounter are upset that you do not identify as Puerto Rican or that you do not identify as a mixed race person? Further Puerto Ricans and Mexicans are not a race of people; they are a ethnic group or nationality.[u]Puerto Ricans, of course, have African ancestry, and that is more likely why they think you are one of them. But then, wouldn't this make them black as well?

I had one Puerto Rican woman that did not like it when I talked about being Black or White people because she said that I didn't look Black enough to do that. I did not fit her steretype. But it seemed mostly that I didn't say I was Puerto Rican. This happend quite a bit when I lived in Connecticut. They thought that I was not telling the truth. It was the case of being sterotyped you look like one of us, you must be one of us type of attitue. My Puerto Rican friend now, will sometimes say to me "you know that your husband and you look like a Puerto Rican couple" ,and I will say "yes, but we are not." She will ask me if that bothers me that other people might think that? and I will say no it does not. People can think what they want. I have run into a lot of people who want to define me as Black as Mixed as Mexican as Puerto Rican. I finally made a choice that fits me and my life best, and it is crazy to me that people try to define me still, based on their beleif systems instead of respecting mine. Hearing oppionions is fine with me, I can respect that but not when people can't open their minds to me. I am not a generalization. I am a person. The many Mexican and Puerto Rican people that I have come into contact with have just referred to themselves as just that Mexican or Puerto Rican. I am not sure what your referring to when you say it is not their race? I know that Puerto Ricans are from a ancestoral background of Black, and I think two other races but anyone I have come into contact with has said they were Puerto Rican. I now that Mexicans are also a mixture of a few racial backgrounds. I just normally go with whatever the person says they are. I don't tell people what they should call themselves or identify with regard to race or anything else for that matter. It is their choice. I hope that answers your question. Thanks for sharing.

Melissa Smile
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PostPosted: Mon 06 Mar 2006 17:43    Post subject: Puerto rican Reply with quote

G-Man wrote:
Puerto Ricans, of course, have African ancestry, and that is more likely why they think you are one of them. But then, wouldn't this make them black as well?


Hi,

It seems to me here we have a problem of meaning.

To the question "Are you Puerto Rican?" the most logical answer seems to be "No, I am not. I am American". Because Puerto Rico is a country, not a race. And "Black" is not a country, but a phenotype.

Now, to the idea that Puerto Ricans are descendents of Africans, I would say everyone of us is descendent of Africans. Some leave Africa 60.000 years ago and others followed later.

Perhaps the best is to use the "some-but-not-all" rule.

Some Puerto Ricans are Blacks, but not all are Blacks.

Some Puerto Ricans are African descendents, but not all are African descendents.

Some Puerto Ricans look "Puerto Ricans", but not all of them do.

Moreover. Not all Black persons came from Africa, some come from India, Australia, New Guinea, etc. Because "Black" is only a skin color.

Finally, Puerto Ricans, I believe, don't identify with the culture of Black Americans, because they have their own culture: the Hispanic culture of Puerto Rico.

Set theory. That's all.


Regards,

Omar Vega
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PostPosted: Mon 06 Mar 2006 17:53    Post subject: Reply with quote

Hi,

It seems to me here we have a problem of meaning.

To the question "Are you Puerto Rican?" the most logical answer seems to be "No, I am not. I am American". Because Puerto Rico is a country, not a race. And "Black" is not a country, but a phenotype.

Now, to the idea that Puerto Ricans are descendents of Africans, I would say everyone of us is descendent of Africans. Some leave Africa 60.000 years ago and others followed later.

Perhaps the best is to use the "some-but-not-all" rule.

Some Puerto Ricans are Blacks, but not all are Blacks.

Some Puerto Ricans are African descendents, but not all are African descendents.

Some Puerto Ricans look "Puerto Ricans", but not all of them do.

Moreover. Not all Black persons came from Africa, some come from India, Australia, New Guinea, etc. Because "Black" is only a skin color.

Finally, Puerto Ricans, I believe, don't identify with the culture of Black Americans, because they have their own culture: the Hispanic culture of Puerto Rico.

Set theory. That's all.


Regards,

Omar Vega


I agree Very Happy thanks for sharing.I enjoying reading everyone's point of view.
Melissa
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PostPosted: Mon 06 Mar 2006 18:57    Post subject: Re: Welcome to Issues for Biracial Americans Reply with quote

Phil345 wrote:
Salsassin wrote:
But they assume it is rape from the slave master. Rolling Eyes


......and those assumptions would more often be accurate.

Not according to the stats Frank gave. Unless you can refute them, you are speaking out of emotion, not knowledge.

fwsweet wrote:
Salsassin wrote:
fwsweet wrote:
9. Measured overall, Afro-European interbreeding in the U.S. has been gender-symmetrical. It was strongly BM/WF in the northeast, strongly WM/BF in the Carolinas and Georgia, and balanced along the Gulf Coast. Today’s U.S. Afro-European admixture could not possibly have been the result of master-on-slave rape unless you assume that female slaveowners raped their male slaves.

Could I have some sources (and links for this if possible)?

Regarding Euro DNA in African Americans:

http://backintyme.com/admixture/collins01.pdf (2002) p742 shows 20 percent mean based on microsatellites and indels. 75% of the samples were from northern California and 25 % were from all over the U.S.

http://backintyme.com/admixture/collins02.pdf (2002) p. 568 shows about 18 percent (all from northern California) just by eyeballing the scatter diagram.

http://backintyme.com/admixture/fernandez01.pdf (2003) p. 907 shows 17 percent in Alabama, 19 percent in Maryland, and 17 percent in New York. Unfortunately, the 95% confidence interval was +/- 15 percent.

http://backintyme.com/admixture/hoggart01.pdf (2003) p. 1497 shows 22 percent in Washington DC.

http://backintyme.com/admixture/kayser01.pdf (2003) p. 628 shows a range of 11 percent to 33 percent, highest in NY, OR and PA, lowest in MD, MO, and TX. The 95% confidence interval was around 5 percent.

http://backintyme.com/admixture/parra01.pdf (1998) p. 1847 shows a range: from lows of 7 percent (Sapelo Island GA) and 11 percent (Charleston SC), to highs of 20 percent (Pittsburgh) and 23 percent (New Orleans). All have very tight confidence intervals (around +/- 1%). This is probably the best study to start with.

http://backintyme.com/admixture/parra02.pdf (2001) p. 21 shows a close-up view of SC, with ranges from 3.5 percent (Geechee/Gullah) to 18 percent (Columbia) with good confidence intervals (although not as good as the prior study).

http://backintyme.com/admixture/parra03.pdf (2004) p. 556 shows 21.3 overall, but does not give regional breakdown.

http://backintyme.com/admixture/shriver01.pdf (2001) p. 391 shows 18.6% +/- 1.5% in Washington DC.

http://backintyme.com/admixture/wang01.pdf (2003) p.760 shows 10 regions, raging from lows of 12 percent (Charleston) and 14 percent (one Philadelphia neighborhood) to highs of 23 percent (New Orleans, a different Philadelphia neighborhood) and 21 percent (Pittsburgh and New York). Mediocre (but not horrible) confidence intervals.

For historical studies of gender-directionality of intermarriages, see the references and citations about Boston in http://backintyme.com/Essay050801.htm and the summary of the late Gary Mills's work in http://backintyme.com/Essay041015.htm.

Regarding Cavalli-Sforza's 30+ percent, I suggest that the great man has fallen out of the loop in this particular sub-sub-sub-specialty.


fwsweet wrote:
Oops. Sorry. I got a bit carried away there. You were just asking about gender asymmetry. This would be

http://backintyme.com/admixture/kayser01.pdf

http://backintyme.com/admixture/parra01.pdf

http://backintyme.com/admixture/parra02.pdf

http://backintyme.com/admixture/wang01.pdf

and, of course, the two historical studies.


BlancaFlor wrote:
Very impressive data.

Caveat: Y chromosome and mt DNA analysis is an imperfect measure of BM/WF calndestine matings if infanticide is not equally distributed; i.e. there are cultural reasons to speculate that infanticide may have been more often the outcome for a pregnancy of BM/WF than WM/BF, particularly if the relationship was slave/mistress, as the consequences to the parents could be more devastating.
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PostPosted: Mon 06 Mar 2006 20:27    Post subject: Re: Welcome to Issues for Biracial Americans Reply with quote

Salsassin wrote:
Phil345 wrote:
Salsassin wrote:
But they assume it is rape from the slave master. Rolling Eyes


......and those assumptions would more often be accurate.

Not according to the stats Frank gave. Unless you can refute them, you are speaking out of emotion, not knowledge.


How do Franks stats disprove the assertion that assumptions of sexual exploition would more often be accurate??


Oevega wrote:

Now, those relations not always have been forced, because there is an strange atraction between people of different social conditions that many times crosses racial barriers. Some of those relations lasted long time and become "accepted" by everyone.

(2) If there was rape or love, we don't know. It depends of every single case. But certainly there were many love relations hidden in the shadows. That is something we should not deny. In the U.S., in particular, it is known that some masters freed they children born in those "irregular" relations, and some even took a long term care of them.


In no circumstance, can a slave (somebody's property) give consent. Whether that person resisted or not, they dont have a choice in the matter.
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PostPosted: Mon 06 Mar 2006 21:04    Post subject: Re: Welcome to Issues for Biracial Americans Reply with quote

Phil345 wrote:
How do Franks stats disprove the assertion that assumptions of sexual exploition would more often be accurate? ... In no circumstance, can a slave (somebody's property) give consent. Whether that person resisted or not, they dont have a choice in the matter.

Phil345 is correct. The genetic data that overall U.S. admixture is sexually symmetrical (that BM/WF was nearly as common as WM/BF) does not disprove White slaveowner rape of unwilling Black slaves. It simply says that, if it was rape, then half of the cases were White female slaveowners forcing themselves upon unwilling Black male slaves.

To me, the historical data on intermarriage is more interesting than the genetic data. Legal, openly acknowledged, census-recorded intermarriages demographically suffice to explain today's admixture ratios. There is no need to assume that female slaveowners raped their male slaves. And, when it comes to legal B/W intermarriages, today's ratio of 65% BM/WF vs. 35% WM/BF has been roughly constant for as long as the census has recorded it.

For details on the antebellum North, see the section titled "The Color Line in the North" in the essay The Color Line Created African-American Ethnicity in the North. For details on the antebellum South, see the essay Antebellum Louisiana and Alabama: Two Color Lines, Three Endogamous Groups.

In short, the evidence, both molecular and the historical record, contests the notion that today's admixture is solely the result of European males mating with African females. Of course, as Phil345 implies, some would argue that all Black/White relationships, no matter how loving and loyal, even the BM/WF relationships of which there have always been twice as many as WM/BF, are a form of rape since such arguments assume that White wives have more social power than their Black husbands.


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PostPosted: Mon 06 Mar 2006 21:18    Post subject: Reply with quote

For it NOT to prove Phil incorrect we would have to ignore the fact that there were more White/Men black women in marriage, whcih would not be slavemaster rape, We would have to imagine that all male genetic contribution was rape. Considering the high level of female contribution, I find this highly unlikely, finally we factor in infanticiede, and a whole different tale is being told.
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PostPosted: Tue 07 Mar 2006 01:20    Post subject: antebellum "rape" Reply with quote

I think we've all heard that power is an aphrodisiac. There is great logic in a slave woman seeking a liaison with her master or another white male. He could give her and their children protection (and often freedom). It is wrong to label those white ancestors as rapists without specific evidence against individuals.

We also know that antebellun "slave breeding" existed. Why is it assumed that a slave woman's mating with another slave was never rape?
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PostPosted: Tue 07 Mar 2006 01:34    Post subject: definition of "multiracial" Reply with quote

MJW82704 said:

Quote:
From what I have heard through out the years from others is that I look like I could be Mexican, Puerto Rican, Multiracial, or Black. Usually Mexican or Puerto Rican. I have had many Puerto Rican people upset that I would not identify with that race. They thought that I was trying to kid them and I was not. My husband and I look similar and he is from two Black parents. He would obviously never consider himself multiracial, and he is not trying to kid anyone, but some may think he is. I think that it is unfair to say that people from one Black parent and one White one are trying to kid anyone by saying that they are Black, or light skinned Black. There are plenty of Black folks with two Black parents that look ambiguous as well. They don’t fit people’s stereotypes. You can’t please everyone.



Why do you say that your husband is not multiracial? The white ancestry is still there, no matter what his parents felt pressured to call themselves.
I can understand the confusion of your Puerto Rican friends. They are descended from multigenerational intermixture. You are telling them that a person is "black" on both sides unless a parent is "pure" white, regardless of the phenotype and amount of European DNA. It sounds crazy to them. I think they are right. Sometimes a foreign perspective helps us see the forest "hidden" by the trees.

If you have a child who later expresses dissatisfaction with a "black" identity, are you going to try to convince him that he has two totally "black" parents and little or no white ancestry? What if he has a European phenotype? Whom should he believe, the mirror or you?
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PostPosted: Tue 07 Mar 2006 01:43    Post subject: Re: Welcome to Issues for Biracial Americans Reply with quote

Phil345 wrote:
...
In no circumstance, can a slave (somebody's property) give consent. Whether that person resisted or not, they dont have a choice in the matter.


Hi,

I would not bet on it.

Knowing human nature things are never so clear cut. Do you really believe that NEVER a slave woman fall in love for a white master? Or that there never was a white master who loved and worried about his slave lover?

If so, consider the case of Xica Da Silva, in Brazil. Because it is the more extreme case of slave-master relations.

Knowing human beings it is easy to see that love appeared against all odds. That's why the United States had to define laws to stop interaccion marriages.

Regards,

Omar Vega
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